There isn't one strict way to define a stock market crash, but it happens when equities tank suddenly without warning. When living through them, it can feel like the world is ending. This feeling is exacerbated by investor panic or an economic shock. The most recent started in February 2025, when President Donald Trump introduced sweeping tariffs on Chinese goods. Before that, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in February and March of 2020 rattled markets. They're not common. But when they do take place, they surprise investors. And sentiment takes a massive hit. What happens to your portfolio during a stock market crash? Investors need to look at both the positive and negative aspects to be fully prepared if such a scenario arises.
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