If I put 5,000 or 10,000 into some Vanguard, just set it and forget it for 10+ years, is it possible I lose all my money

Or is it a situation where once I pull it out, that's when I know whether or not I made or lost money? Not sure how it works entirely, like do they invest my initial amount, and it dips below the initial value, do I no longer have any money in said account, or if it goes into the negative, can it still rebound and bounce back up?

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