After decades of aggressive state subsidies and undercutting competition, China has taken control of rare-earth mining and processing. According to research from The Motley Fool, China controls 70% of rare-earth element extraction and 90% of processing. This strong position has given China the upper hand in trade negotiations and has been a strong point of contention between the two countries. In October 2025, China's Ministry of Commerce significantly tightened control over rare-earth supply chains. In November 2025, the U.S. and China came to a bilateral trade truce that put these measures on pause for about a year. The sides announced an extension of the broader trade truce in late September, extending the deadline to Jan. 10, 2027. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent says the extension covers China's broader rare-earth controls. However, China has yet to publish a formal notice, and the legal suspension on rare-earth will end on Nov. 10 without it.
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